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Lower Cortisol Fat Levels
In addition to lower insulin levels, another hormone of great interest is cortisol, the stress hormone. It has been shown that vitamin D3, through the actions of calcium, increase local cortisol levels in fat tissue. It’s speculated that high-calcium diets may lower cortisol levels through suppression of vitamin D3. Improved insulin sensitivity and lower cortisol levels are definitely effects that can positively impact weight loss goals.
The researchers remain uncertain as to why dairy-derived calcium is so much more effective, but postulated that other active ingredients in dairy products may contribute to weight loss. They speculated that a bioactive fragment in dairy, one that’s able to inhibit an enzyme called ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme), may block hormonal signaling in the fat cells, decreasing fat storage. The high concentration of branched-chain amino acids, particularly leucine, in dairy, may help maintain or promote the retention of metabolically active skeletal muscle during hypocaloric dieting. There are many other bioactive properties not considered in the authors’ discussion, such as cyclic dipeptides or biogenic amines, which can affect the appetite, nutrient partitioning or metabolic rate.
It would have been of value if the researchers had measured serum parathyroid hormone or vitamin D3 levels, though it’s well established that calcium supplementation will lower these hormones. Further, adding additional groups to study the dose-response relationship of calcium to determine the optimal dose would have been noteworthy.
The researchers remain uncertain as to why dairy-derived calcium is so much more effective, but postulated that other active ingredients in dairy products may contribute to weight loss. They speculated that a bioactive fragment in dairy, one that’s able to inhibit an enzyme called ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme), may block hormonal signaling in the fat cells, decreasing fat storage. The high concentration of branched-chain amino acids, particularly leucine, in dairy, may help maintain or promote the retention of metabolically active skeletal muscle during hypocaloric dieting. There are many other bioactive properties not considered in the authors’ discussion, such as cyclic dipeptides or biogenic amines, which can affect the appetite, nutrient partitioning or metabolic rate.
It would have been of value if the researchers had measured serum parathyroid hormone or vitamin D3 levels, though it’s well established that calcium supplementation will lower these hormones. Further, adding additional groups to study the dose-response relationship of calcium to determine the optimal dose would have been noteworthy.
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